Public Expenditure and Economic Growth in India - 13502 Words

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH WHAT IS PUBLIC EXPENDITURE? MEANING: Public expenditure refers to Government expenditure i.e. Government spending. It is incurred by Central, State and Local governments of a country. Spending by government , municipality, or any local authority. It covers things such as health, education or social services and is funded by tax revenue. It is one of the element that make up aggregate expenditure. Government spending or government expenditure is classified by economists into three main types. Government acquisition of goods and services for current use to directly satisfy individual or collective needs of the members of the community is classed as government final consumption expenditure.†¦show more content†¦Output is generally measured in terms of GNP. THEORIES RELATED TO PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Adam Smith wrote in the Wealth of Nations that the government should restrict their activities to; 1. Defense against foreign aggression. 2. Maintenance of internal peace and order. 3. Public development work. All other functions besides these were considered beyond the scope of the state expenditure on them was treated as unjust wasteful. But there had been a spectacular expansion in the functions of state this resulted in phenomenal increase in public expenditure for this we shall take a look at contribution by Adolph Wagner Peacock-Wiseman hypothesis. Adolph Wagners Law of Increasing State Activity Adolph Wagner, the German economist made an in depth study relating to rise in government expenditure in the late 19thcentury. Based on his study, he propounded a law called The Law of Increasing State Activity. Wagner’s law states that as the economy develops over time, the activities and functions of the government increase. According to Adolph Wagner, Comprehensive comparisons of different countries and different times show that among progressive peoples (societies), with which alone we are concerned; an increase regularly takes place in the activity of both the Central Government and Local Governments constantly undertake new functions while they perform both old and new functions more efficiently and moreShow MoreRelatedEconomic Growth Comparison Bangladesh and India1593 Words   |  7 PagesPattern and Sources of Economic Growth, comparison between Bangladesh and India. Introduction: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is indicator of a nation’s economic Growth- Measured by the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. Through GDP growth we can measure the economic growth, especially very much useful indicating tools for measuring growth in the least developed countries (LDCs), like Bangladesh, Haiti, Samoa, AfghanistanRead MoreThe Indian Economic Reforms Of The Economy1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Indian economic reforms of 1991 are a prime example of radical changes in the economic policies of India from a conservative to an orthodox one. Prior to the reforms, the country followed the system of regularising imports and replacing them with domestic products, with the state playing the dominant role in economy. However serious macroeconomic and debt payment crisis forced the government to implement radical policies in the form of the Economic Reforms of 1991. Situation Prior 1991- PriorRead MoreFiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies1046 Words   |  5 Pagestaxes and expenditure that can influence the overall economic condition of the nation. A well written or planned fiscal policy can lead the nation to the steady path of the strong economy, increase employment and also maintains healthy inflation. Every country needs fiscal policy as fiscal policy plays a vital role on monitoring the pattern of the flow of nation’s expenditure to the economy and also the nation’s revenue generated from the economy. It also helps to stimulate the economic growth duringRead MoreA Cross Country Analysis Of Public Debt Management Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesPUBLIC DEBT A Cross-Country Analysis of Public Debt Management Strategies* Martin Melecky: Banking and Debt Management Department World Bank In order to finance expenditures on public goods and services that promote growth and increase nations welfare governments often have to borrow this decision of how much to borrow is that of fiscal policy which determines the targeted level of debt based on a sustainability analysis of government debt. The main cause for the increasing domestic debt and itsRead MoreChanges Of Indian Economy And The Social Sectors, Poverty, And Reform1432 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction In July 1991 the new model of economic reforms in India know as Globalization, Liberalization and Privatization started to create an economy that was the fastest building economy. This reform was successful in terms of building the economy but as India has a diverse society the rapid growth bought inequalities in the society. As a consequence people became opposed to the idea of globalization, liberalization and privatization. India lags behind in general education standard andRead MoreThe World Bank Group s Partnership Strategy For India1092 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided large amounts of financial assistance to India for economic development. The different areas it has impacted include: the development of infrastructure such as electric power, transport, communication, irrigation projects, and the steel industry. For a long period, India was the single largest borrower from the World Bank. At present India is the third largest borrower of funds from the World Bank (Mukherjee, 2015). At current the World Bank and India are working towards a new five year plan forRead MoreTrade Balance in Foreign Countries984 Words   |  4 Pages2013/14 FY. India s trade deficit increased by 9.2 % and reached a record it’s peak of 182.1 billion dollars. Over the past 12 months the deficit of balance of payments reached it’s peak. This caused a collapse of the Indian rupee in the summer of 2013. Government intervention: A wide range of measures is in place to stabilize economy and reduce the gap between rich and poor. These measures are: †¢ Fiscal measures: To reduce the fiscal and revenue deficit the government of India has a strongRead MoreThe Business Cycle Model : A Diagram That Shows How Economic Activity Fluctuates Over Time1352 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness cycle model is a diagram that shows how economic activity fluctuates over time. There are four phases of this activity known as boom, recession, upswing and downswing. Overtime, the theory is that economic activity will increase and that living standards, employment and the quality of life to rise. The boom or peak stage of the business cycle is when the level of economy is at its highest. It occurs after the upswing stage. The levels of expenditure, output income and employment are also at theirRead MoreBenefits Of International Lending Institutions911 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed as the institutions (private or public) which collect the funds from other organizations or the public to invest those funds in financial assets. Human capital is referred as the intangible combined resources that an individual possesses. These resources are wisdom, judgment, training, intelligence, experience, abilities, skills, talents and knowledge that a person has, and they are used to generate some material wealth that brings about economic value. On the other hand, health care isRead MoreEconomic Ideas of Kautilya1527 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic ideas of Kautilya (Arthashastra) Introduction: Kautilya’s Arthashastra is the chief source of information. Kautilya’s name was Vishnu Gupta. He was a learned Brahmin. He is known by the name of Kautilya because he was an expert in diplomacy and political strategy. He was the chief minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya. He was responsible for getting Chandra Gupta the kingdom of Nand, after destroying its king. Kautilya has given vivid description of the administrative procedures, of the duties

Code of Ethics Research Paper - 1763 Words

Module 6 – Code of Ethics Implementation Plan Paper Edward G. Udell, Sr. Grand Canyon University: LDR-800 Ethical Dilemmas and Stewardship April 4, 2012 Code of Ethics Implementation Plan Paper General overview of organizational ethics policies The organizational ethics polices of this organization is based on developing an ethical climate. This climate is one where everyone---leadership, staff, contractors, vendors, customers, and the public---is treated with the utmost respect. This organization has a zero tolerance for rude and/or discourteous actions, or any signs of disrespect. No type of aggressive behavior, whether in person, writing, by phone, computer, or any device, or failing to assist when danger is present, is†¦show more content†¦3. All employees will endeavor to manage their time wisely by properly balancing personal obligations, employment duties, and family responsibilities, to avoid tardiness or absenteeism. Those employees that are habitually tardy or absent will receive discipline according to the Employee Handbook. 4. All employees will be honest and responsible in their work, speech, and all communications, including personal and organizational finances, never seeking special favors, or borrowing from other employees or from those doing business with this organization. 5. All employees will avoid gossip, or speaking ill of anyone connected with this organization. 6. All employees will be open in attitude and action toward all persons regardless of race, creed, social class, religious beliefs, lifestyle, or position or influence within the organization and community. 7. All employees will seek to be honest in all dealings, using wisdom, courage, and integrity, reporting any acting otherwise to their supervisor or other leader if the supervisor is involved. Those who are not honest in dealings will face immediate termination, and whatever justice is required. 8. All employees will faithfully discharge their time and energies with integrity through proper work ethics and in harmony with those within, and without, the organization. 9. In all dealings withShow MoreRelatedEssay Business Ethics in Accounting1034 Words   |  5 Pagesaim of this paper is to review two academic articles and conclude on the reliability of the claims and assertions made by the authors. The research paper of Pflugrath, Martinov-Bennie Chen (2007) aims to analyze the impact of organizational codes of ethics on the accountants’ and auditors’ judgments and professional decisions making skills. The research is conducted on a sample of 112 professional accountants and auditing students and resulted in indicating that the codes of ethics positivelyRead MoreCode of Ethics Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics Comparison Paper Melissa J. 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Alexander the Great †Essay 6 Free Essays

Alexander the Great is often thought of as the greatest military commander that the world has ever seen. He was born in July of 356 B. C to King Philip II of Macedonia and Olympias. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander the Great – Essay 6 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since his youth, Alexander was tutored and trained by great philosophers such as Aristotle and Leonidas. His legacy of greatness started with the taming of the wild horse, Bucephalus. Alexander of Macedonia is worthy of the title, Great, due to his strategic military operations, his expansion of the Greek Empire, and the cultural diffusion of the Greeks across the world. Alexander the Great is recognized as one of the greatest commanders that world has ever seen, if not the greatest. Alexander first led troops as a mere teenager and became king afterwards due to the assassination of his father. He decided to expand the Greek Empire, which his dad, King Philip, started but couldn’t finish. At just the age of twenty years old, he set out with a massive army to conquer the east. During his time of campaign, he never lost a singer battle and was hailed as a hero and god for overcoming the Persian Empire. Alexander the Great expanded the Greek Empire to be from the Ionian Sea to a part of Northern India. He formed the largest empire of the time that the world was yet to see. This alone make him deserving of the title â€Å"Great†, but Alexander also played an important role in the cultural diffusion of Greek ideas. Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture throughout the world. The start of western culture came with the Greeks, and Alexander made it achieve global dominance by spreading it throughout the vast empire that he formed. He introduced the notion that the government should be for everyone, no just the wealthy. He is also considered to be a pioneer in urban planning and established around twenty cities, such as Alexandria, that became important trade centers and locations of many cultures. The local culture was further changed by Alexander’s Greek-influenced city planning techniques, which established towns with a central market square, school, offices, shops, a public theater, and gym. It was changes such as these that led to the Hellenistic period of Greece after the death of Alexander, which is marked with increasing urbanization. His empire contained many cultures because he allowed the nations he conquered to practice any religion they wanted. He also incorporated some of the ideas of other nation into Greek culture making it stronger and lasting. As Alexander the Great made his way back to Greece, after conquering a part of India, he was stricken with severe fever and died in Babylon at the age of thirty-two. He had achieved so many accomplishments that few could measure up to. His legacy had influence on many cultures and nations and led to many developments in the economy and changes to the government. He redesigned history and was an inspiration to future military leaders like Julius Caesar. It is through these accomplishments that he proved worthy of being called the â€Å"Great†. Alexander the Great changed the historical development of his country. While his father has made major changes inroads in expanded Macrdonia beyond the Balkan Peninusula, it was Alexander who expanded the sphere of influence well beyond even his father’s great expectations. Alexander also carried the message of Greek democracy to Asia and into the dark continent of Africa, the journey that the concept would have never taken place. It was Alexander who introduced the individual freely participating in government, and it was this idea that government was for everyone, not simply for the wealthy. This influenced not only the historical development of his own country, but also inspired other countries to establish the same systems of government. How to cite Alexander the Great – Essay 6, Essays

Pizza Hut Essay Example

Pizza Hut Paper Corporately known as Pizza Hut, Inc, it is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc. Pizza Hut, the first International Chain Restaurant in Bangladesh, opened its flagship restaurant in 2003 at Gulshan in Dhaka. From the day of its launching Pizza Hut remains the acknowledged leader of the Pizza Industry, evident from the continuous crowds the restaurant successfully draws in. Pizza Hut has over 15,000 outlets across 100 countries. Following its grand success in Dhaka, the Chittagong outlet was opened in September 2005 and later on in Cox’sbazar as well. Transcom Foods Limited (TFL) started its journey in 2003 as a franchisee of Pizza Hut, the first International Chain Restaurant in Bangladesh, and went on to sign the contract to become the franchisee of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in the year 2006. Both Pizza Hut and KFC are subsidiaries of the world’s largest restaurant company Yum! Restaurants International. In a span of ten years, TFL has opened 5 Pizza Hut and 11 KFC outlets so far throughout the country. Pizza Hut Franchise Information †¢ Initial Franchise Fee: $25,000 Total Investment: $1. 3M to $3M †¢ Net worth requirement: $1M †¢ Cash liquidity requirement: $360K †¢ Pay an annual 6. 5% royalty on your profit. †¢ Must commit to building at least 3 restaurants over 3 years †¢ Term of Franchise Agreement: 20 years Sources: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza_Hut http://www. pizzahut. com/ http://www. pizzahutfranchise. com/ http://www. startupbizhub. com/how-to-start-your-pizza-hut-franchi sing-business. htm http://www. startingfranchise. in/2012/11/Opening-Pizza-Hut-Franchise-India. html Menu of Pizza Hut Item Name |Price(Taka) |Item Name |Price(Taka) | |Pizza 2person |940 |Mushroom |450 | |Pizza 4person |1750 |Chicken Mushroom |500 | |Pizza 6person |2320 |Shrimp Mushroom |500 | |Pasta 2person |1050 |Garlic Bread |130 | |Pasta 4person |2080 |Garlic Bread platter |280 | |Arabiatta |400 |Spicy Garlic Mushroom |380 | |Chicken Arabitta |450 |Garden salad |200 | |Hawaiian salad |220 |Red n hot |1150/1500 | |Pasta mint salad |300 |Latin spicy hot, chicken Italia |1300/1650 | |Garden salad |200 |Hawaiian salad |220 | |Salad bar |400 |Cheese lover, veggie lover |250-1200 | |Onion rings |220 |Creamy spinach mushroom |500 | |Shrimp cocktail |280 |Spicy garlic mushroom |380 | |Potato shell with filler |300 |Bolognaise with meatball |450 | |Spanish delight |1150/1500 |Beef lover, BBQ chicken |300-1350 | |Garlic bread platter |280 |Beef Arabiatta |450 | |Veggie supreme |300-1350 |Chicken exotica, spicy beef 300-1350 | |Rustica |300-1350 |Chicken classic |380-1700 | |Seafood symphony |380-1700 |Latin Spicy hot |380-1700 | We will write a custom essay sample on Pizza Hut specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pizza Hut specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pizza Hut specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer More menus of Pizza Hut Beef LoverBBQ  ChickenVeggie Lover Chicken Hawaiian Veggie SupremeChicken SupremeBeef Pepperoni Seafood Symphony Salads Breads Pasta [pic][pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic] SWOT analysis of Pizza Hut Strengths: †¢ Innovative range of pizzas under one roof †¢ Part of the largest restaurant chain in the world Food attracts people of various ranges from young to old. †¢ Over 18,000 franchises around the world †¢ Pizza Hut sits on top of global full-service restaurant tree †¢ Quick home delivery services. †¢ Sound financial situation and international turnover. †¢ Hygienic food and quick service. †¢ Famous television advertising †¢ They are ISO(International Standard Organization) Certified Weaknesses: †¢ High price for every menu. †¢ Franchise management. †¢ Loyal customers are feeling that the satisfaction of the pizzas is declining. †¢ There are complex computer systems and internal conflicts from fran chisees. †¢ There is a lack of an organic pizzas, which will limit the target market. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern and Asian. †¢ Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices †¢ Rising competition undermines Pizza Hut as consumers go for greater convenience †¢ Rising cheese costs threaten margins Opportunities: †¢ New Pizzas with different crust sizes and flavours. †¢ Pizza Hut expands Indian market menu and looks to old favourite to bolster sales. †¢ Diversification of new products can increase their market shares. †¢ Venture more into home delivery. Pizza hut can come up with the new products considering taste of people as like McDonalds †¢ They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats: †¢ Threat from Dominos pizza, also fro m Mc Donald’s who have tried to introduce a new meal that is a Pizza called: McPizza. †¢ Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. †¢ Bird flu. †¢ Health conscious people. †¢ Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. [pic] Type: Subsidiary Industry: Fast food restaurant Founded: 1930 in North Corbin, Kentucky (original) 1952 at 3900 South State St, Salt Lake City, Utah (franchise) Founder(s): Harland Sanders Headquarters:1441 Gardiner Lane, Louisville, Kentucky, United States (Operational Headquarters) 1209 North Orange St, Wilmington, Delaware, United States (Incorporation) Number of locations: 18,000 (2012) Key people: David C. Novak, Chairman and CEO of Yum! Brands Roger Eaton, Chairman and CEO of KFC Products: Fried chicken, chicken burgers (chicken sandwiches US), wraps, French fries, soft drinks, salads, desserts, breakfast Revenue: US$15 billion (2011) Parent Yum! Brands What made us great is still what makes us great. KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky, is one of the few brands in America that can boast a rich, decades-long history of success and innovation. It all started with one cook who created a soon-to-be world famous recipe more than 70 years ago, a list of secret herbs and spices scratched out on the back of the door to his kitchen. That cook was Colonel Harland Sanders of course, and now KFC is the worlds most popular chicken restaurant chain, specializing in that same Original Recipe, along with Extra Crispy chicken, home-style sides and buttermilk biscuits. There are more than 18,000 KFC outlets in 120 countries and territories around the world. Transcom Foods Limited (TFL) started its journey in 2003 as a franchisee of Pizza Hut, the first International Chain Restaurant in Bangladesh, and went on to sign the contract to become the franchisee of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in the year 2006. Both Pizza Hut and KFC are subsidiaries of the world’s largest restaurant company Yum! Restaurants International. In a span of ten years, TFL has opened 5 Pizza Hut and 11 KFC outlets so far throughout the country. KFC Franchise Information †¢ Initial Franchise Fee: $45,000 †¢ Total Investment: $1. 2M to $1. 8M †¢ Net Worth: $1. 5M to $2. 5M †¢ Liquid asset: $750,000 †¢ Royalty Fee: 5% †¢ Advertising Fee: (Local 2. 5% of gross revenues National Cooperative Advertising 4. 5% of gross revenues) †¢ Renewal Fee: $6,750 †¢ Term of Agreement: 20 years Sources: 1) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/KFC 2) http://www. kfc. com/about/ 3) http://www. kfcfranchise. com/faqs-qsr-restaurant. hp 4) http://www. thefranchisemall. com/franchises/details/10004-0-kfc. htm 5) http://www. franchisedirect. com/foodfranchises/kfc-franchise-07095/ufoc/ Menu of KFC |Item Name |Price(Taka) |Item Name |Price(Taka) | |Chicken Snacker |100 |Potato Wedges |125 | |Chicke n Snacker box |170 |Chicken rice meal |190 | |Strips Snack |190 Spicy Thai Chicken rice |300 | |Snack Box (1pic chicken Fries) |170 |Hot Zinger meal |375/395 | |Popcorn Chicken |160 |Zinger meal |370/390 | |Boneless chicken strips |200/395 |Curry crunch chicken |290/575/1145/1700 | |Hot wings |150/290 |2pcs chicken fries meal |350 | |Bucket meal |2350 |Krushers |140/170/180/190/200 | |Bucket Hot crispy |830/1250 |Desserts |80-150 | |Hot zinger |250 |Veggie zinger |210 | |Mixed rice |85 |Chicken zinger |240 | |Combo 1/2/3/4/5 |250/300/600/1200/999 |Burgers |240/250/210 | |Sides |30-125 |Packaged water |80-90 | |tea |50 |Coffee |60 | More menus of KFC: KrushersSoft DrinkGame Box Chicken BucketBox masterChicken Thali Veg FingerColeslawFriesSnack Box  Corn on the cobSundae Soft Twirl Zing KongSnacker(chicken veggie)Brownie Sundae SWOT analysis of KFC Strengths: Second best global brand in fast food industry in terms of value ($ 6 billion) †¢ KFC customer base remained loyal to the KFC brand because of its unique taste. †¢ World’s largest restaurant company in terms of system restaurants. †¢ Chicken made with the same secret blend of 11 Ranks(herbs and spices highest among all chicken restaurant chains for its convenience. †¢ Menu variety and strong trademarks recipes. †¢ KFC has continued to dominate the dinner and take out segment of the Industry. †¢ Existing in the local market for years, therefore, knowing people’s tastes and whims. †¢ They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. Weaknesses: Losing market share as other Chicken chain increased sales at a faster rate. †¢ Lack of knowledge about their customers. †¢ Question of over franchising leads to loss of control and quality. †¢ Lack of focus on RD. †¢ Unhealthy food menu †¢ High employee turnover †¢ Lack of strong marketing efforts †¢ The company has entered so many markets in the past in the United Sta tes that its growth rate was about only one percent an year. †¢ The company is said to not to pay attention to its resource and development. Opportunities: †¢ Introducing new products to its only chicken range. †¢ Introducing new services and technologies. †¢ Increasing demand for healthier food. With more investments the company can definitely make its position stronger in the food industry †¢ Home meal delivery. †¢ Employment opportunities for part time seeker especially for university goings. †¢   Ã‚  Focusing on more nutrition’s. Threats: †¢ Bird flu †¢ Saturated fast food markets in the developed economies. †¢ Trend towards healthy eating. †¢ Local fast food restaurant chains. †¢ Government regulations. †¢ Change in tastes. †¢ Currency fluctuations. †¢ Lawsuits against KFC. [pic] Type: Public Traded as: SET: CPF Industry: Food and Beverage Founded: January 17, 1978 Headquarters: Bangkok, Thailan d Key People: Adirek Sriratak, ( President CEO) Products: Animal Feed, Animal Breeder, Meat and Food Parent: Charoen Pokphand Group Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited is Thailands largest agribusiness firm. It is a publicly traded subsidiary of the Charoen Pokphand Group. Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF), a company of the CP Group, is the leading agro-industrial and food conglomerate in Thailand. The greater part of the Company production bases is in Thailand with some operating overseas. The Company’s core business lines are livestock and aquaculture. The livestock operations include chicken broiler, chicken layer, duck and swine. For aquaculture business, the two main marine animals are shrimp and fish. C. P. Bangladesh Company Ltd. is a sister concern of C. P. Group Thailand. C. P. Bangladesh Co. , Ltd. s incorporated in Bangladesh on 14th January 1999 doing business in the Agricultural industry, Poultry sector. Though C. P. Bangladesh Co. , Ltd is not in Bangladesh many years, but in this shorter period it has established its own Feed mills, Breeder Farm, Hatcheries, G. P. farm, fish feed mill all over the country. C. P. Bangladesh Co. , Ltd has established with a vision â€Å"To be a leader in Agro-business industry in Bangladesh† and each day it is getting closer to its vision. C. P. Bangladesh Co. , Ltd now produce Poultry feed (both layer and broiler), breeder feed, fish feed and cattle feed, and also animal health medicine. [pic] C. P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is a sister concern of C. P. Group Thailand. C. P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is incorporated in Bangladesh on 14th January 1999 doing business in the Agricultural industry, Poultry sector. Though C. P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd. is not in Bangladesh many years, but in this shorter period it has established its own Feed mills, Breeder Farm, Hatcheries, G. P. farm, fish feed mill all over the country. They direct invested in Bangladesh by giving the tax to government (Ministry of commerce) without any licensing and franchising. They have established a production factory house in â€Å"Hemayetpur† and supply the materials for the fried chicken in the different branch in Dhaka and Chittagong. C. P. Bangladesh Company Limited was established since 1998 under operation in Agro-Industrial and Food Business by dedication of providing high quality of animal feed mill, farming operation and also processing tasteful, nutritional and hygienic food products under branding of ‘‘FIVE STAR CHICKEN’’ that deliver to all customers in Bangladesh. It Started on April 7, 2008 with a mission- â€Å"Kitchen of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh they have started their fried chicken business through licensing with an amount of TK 250,000. Currently they are operating their fried chicken business across Bangladesh with their 201 branches among them 104 branches are in Dhaka. The Charoen Pokphand Group is the largest business conglomerate in Thailand. Its largest subsidiary is Charoen Pokphand Foods, which achieved 116. 5 billion baht in revenue in 2005, earning a profit of 6. 747 billion baht. Apart from agribusiness, the family-owned conglomerates interests range from retailing, as the franchisee of Thailands 7-Eleven stores, to telecommunications, as the owner of True Corporation, a mobile telephone service provider, Internet service provider, and cable television company. CP Subsidiaries also include PRC registered Super Brand Mall Lotus center chain. The company has grown into a global business, with more than 250 subsidiaries in 20 countries, including China, where it is known as the Chia Tai Group. CP fried chicken’s methodologies of the business in Bangladesh are as follows: †¢ This is a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). †¢ Operating as a licensing company in Bangladesh. †¢ Initial licensing Fee: TK 250,000 †¢ Renewal Fees: Not disclosed. Sources: 1) http://www. cpfworldwide. com 2) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Charoen_Pokphand_Foods 3) From Street corner retailers. Menu of CP fried chicken Item Name |Price (Tk) |Item Name |Price (Tk) | | Jumbo set |790 |Wing |60 | |Party set |460 |Happy hot Dog |60 | |Breast |115 |Masala chicken |55 | |Thigh |90 |Spicy chicken |50 | |Leg |60 |Chicken ball |25 | |Chicken sausage |25 |Hot wings |25 | SWOT analysis of CP fried chicken Strengths: Low price compare to KFC Pizza Hut in Bangladesh. †¢ More branches than KFC Pizza Hut in Bangladesh. †¢ More convenience than KFC Pizza Hut in Bangladesh †¢ Horizontal raw material sources in Bangladesh. †¢ Sound financial situation and international turnover. †¢ Food attracts people of various ranges from young to old. †¢ Existing in the local market for years, therefore, knowing people’s tastes and whims. Weakness: †¢ Don’t have exclusive decorations compare to pizza Hut KFC. †¢ Loyal customers are feeling that the satisfaction of the pizzas is declining. †¢ Lack of monitoring controlling system. †¢ Lack of focus on RD. †¢ Lack of strong marketing efforts. Lack of knowl edge about their customers. †¢ Lack of menu varieties. Opportunities: †¢ They can reduce their prices because of their horizontal sources of raw materials. †¢ With more investments the company can definitely make its position stronger in the food industry †¢ Home meal delivery. †¢ They can attract more people with their consisting lower prices. Threats: †¢ Bird flu. †¢ Health conscious people. †¢ Local fast food restaurant chains. †¢ Government regulations. †¢ They need have more product offerings compare to KFC Pizza Hut †¢ Their services should be improved. Franchising Franchising is the practice of using another firms successful business model. The word franchise is of Anglo-French derivation from franc meaning free, and is used both as a noun and as a (transitive) verb. For the franchisor, the franchise is an alternative to building chain stores to distribute goods that avoids the investments and liability of a chain. The franchisors success depends on the success of the franchisees. The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business. Essentially, and in terms of distribution, the franchisor is a supplier who allows an operator, or a franchisee, to use the suppliers trademark and distribute the suppliers goods. In return, the operator pays the supplier a fee. Thirty three countries, including the United States, and Australia, have laws that explicitly regulate franchising, with the majority of all other countries having laws which have a direct or indirect impact on franchising. Foreign Direct Investment 🙠 FDI) According to the International Monetary Fund, foreign direct investment, commonly known as FDI, refers to an investment made to acquire lasting or long-term interest in enterprises operating outside of the economy of the investor. The investment is direct because the investor, which could be a foreign person, company or group of entities, is seeking to control, manage, or have significant influence over the foreign enterprise. Licensing: Licensing is the process of leasing a legally protected (that is, trademarked or copyrighted) entity – a name, likeness, logo, trademark, graphic design, slogan, signature, character, or a combination of several of these elements. The entity, known as the property or intellectual property, is then used in conjunction with a product. Many major companies and the media consider licensing a significant marketing tool. Interpretations of our analysis Yummy! Let’s go for Pizza Hut or KFC or CP. Yes, these words are becoming very common for city people in Bangladesh. What more can somebody ask for! In the context of Bangladesh, whenever we talk about party or to hang around with friends or families in many cases Pizza Hut or KFC or CP gets priority among all other choices we have. Though their food items are little bit more expensive than our traditional foods, but still we love it. This time we are not having any of their food items, we are just going to have an analysis of these three companies. For the purpose of our analysis, we had to gather information’s both from the primary and secondary sources. Collecting information’s from the secondary sources were easy compare to primary sources. While we went to collect raw data from the primary sources, we found the managers of those restaurants very uncomfortable of sharing any information’s and that made our journey very difficult. After being refused from them, we went to their corporate offices but still got denied. Since we had to complete our analysis, somehow we did manage some of the information’s about these companies and which we believe can be helpful for concluding our analysis. From the information’s we have found, both Pizza Hut KFC were originated from U. S. A, and currently Transcom Foods Limited (TFL) had brought both Pizza Hut KFC into Bangladesh though franchising and off-course with the help of world’s largest restaurant company named â€Å"Yum! Restaurants International† It’s kind of revolution for the food industry in our country. Transcom Foods Limited (TFL) started its journey in 2003 as a franchisee of Pizza Hut, the first International Chain Restaurant in Bangladesh, and went on to sign the contract to become the franchisee of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in the year 2006. In a span of ten years, TFL has opened 5 Pizza Hut and 11 KFC outlets so far throughout the country. Very surprisingly their popularity is increasing in our country da y by day even though their product offerings are different. The way they are dominating the world’s restaurant industry through their product and service offerings, similarly they are dominating in our country as well. Most of the time, they are trying to reach the higher income people. Whereas CP (Charoen Pokphand) is another food company which has targeted all classes of people in our country. Basically CP has originated from Thailand and started it’s business in our country as an agro based industry. But later on, in the year of 2008, they had expanded their business in food industry through licensing. In Bangladesh they have started their fried chicken business through licensing with an amount of TK 250,000. Currently they are operating their fried chicken business across Bangladesh with their 201 branches among them 104 branches are in Dhaka. Even though they are having more branches compare to Pizza Hut KFC, but their product offerings and service quality especially, their locations and the environments are not that good like Pizza Hut KFC. Their internal and external decoration is also different and looks less exclusive than Pizza Hut KFC. But CP’s food prices are way cheaper than Pizza Hut KFC. Moreover, CP’s initial investments and expenses are less than Pizza Hut KFC. From the above mentioned analysis, we can say that, both Pizza Hut KFC are fulfilling peoples demand by assuring their product service qualities as well as environments whereas, CP is not covering any of those issues rather they are more focusing on cheaper product price. Price Comparison with other countries: |Item Name |Bangladesh |India |U. S. A | |KFC 8 pcs Bucket |Tk 830. 00 |Rs 350. 00 |$ 10. 9 | | | |350*1. 25=Tk 437. 5 |10. 99*76. 54=Tk 841. 17 | |KFC 12 pcs Bucket |Tk 1,250. 00 |Rs 500. 00 |$ 16. 49 | | | |500*1. 25=Tk 625. 00 |16. 49*76. 54=Tk 1,262. 14 | |Pizza Hut |Tk 460. 00 |Rs 315. 00 |$ 7 | |Classic Margherita(M) | |315*1. 25= Tk 393. 75 |7*76. 54= Tk 535. 8 | |Pizza Hut |Tk 1200. 00 |Rs 490. 00 |$ 11. 99 | |Veggie Lovers | |490*1. 25= Tk 612. 5 |11. 99*76. 54= Tk 917. 71 | |CP |Tk 790. 00 |Rs 290. 00 | | |Jumbo Set | |290*1. 25= Tk 362. 5 | | Comparative analysis of these three com panies: Company Franchising Cost |Licensing Cost |Initial Investment |Location |Loyalty |Popularity |Product Price |Service |Customer Level | |Pizza Hut | High |N/A |Very High |Moderate |Very High |High |Very High |Excellent |High upper middle | |KFC |Very High |N/A |Very High |Moderate |Very High |Very High |High |Excellent |High, upper middle middle | |CP |N/A |Low |Moderate |Excellent |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate |Low |Middle low | | Company |Product quality |Product Variety |Product offerings |Availability |Home delivery |Inspection |Environment |Customer Satisfaction | |Pizza Hut |Excellent |Various |Active |Very Few |Yes |Frequent |Excellent |Very Good | |KFC |Excellent |Various |Very active |Few |Yes |Frequent |Excellent |Very good | |CP |Good |Limited |Stable |Available |N/A |Les Frequent |Moderate |Good | |

The History of the Olmec Site of La Venta

The History of the Olmec Site of La Venta The Olmec capital of La Venta is located in the city of Huimanguillo, in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, 15 kilometers (9 miles) inland from the Gulf coast. The site is perched on a narrow natural elevation approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) long which rises above the wetland swamps on the coastal plain. La Venta was first occupied as early as 1750 BC, becoming an Olmec temple-town complex between 1200 and 400 BC. La Venta was the primary center of the Olmec culture and likely the most important regional capital in non-Maya Mesoamerica during the Middle Formative period (approximately 800-400 BC). In its heyday, La Ventas residential zone included an area of ~200 hectares (500 acres), with a population numbering in the thousands. Architecture at La Venta Most of the structures at La Venta were built of wattle-and-daub walls placed atop earthen or adobe mudbrick platforms or mounds  and covered with a thatched roof. Little natural stone was available, and, apart from the massive stone sculptures, the only stone used in public architecture was a few basalt, andesite and limestone foundational support or internal buttresses. The 1.5 km (~1 mi) long civic-ceremonial core of La Venta includes over 30 earthen mounds and platforms. The core is dominated by a 30 meter (100 foot) high clay pyramid (called Mound C-1), which has been heavily eroded  but was likely the largest single building at the time in Mesoamerica. Despite the lack of native stone, La Ventas artisans crafted sculptures including four colossal heads from massive blocks of stone quarried from the Tuxtla Mountains approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the west. The most intensive archaeological investigations at La Venta were conducted in Complex A, a small group of low clay platform mounds and plazas within an area of about 1.4 hectares (3 acres), located immediately north of the tallest pyramidal mound. Most of Complex A was destroyed shortly after the excavations in 1955, by a combination of looters and civic development. However, detailed maps of the area were made by the excavators and, due primarily to the efforts of archaeologist Susan Gillespie, a digital map of the buildings and construction events at Complex A has been made (Gillespie, Gillespie, and Volk). Read more on Complex A at La Venta Subsistence Methods Traditionally, scholars have attributed the rise of Olmec society to the development of maize agriculture. According to recent investigations, however, the people at La Venta subsisted on fish, shellfish and terrestrial faunal remains until about 800 BC, when maize, beans, cotton, palm and other crops were grown in gardens on relict beach ridges, called tierra de primera by maize farmers today, perhaps fueled by long-distance trade networks. Killion (2013) conducted a survey of paleobotanical data from several Olmec period sites including La Venta. He suggests that the initial founders at La Venta and other Early Formative sites such as San Lorenzo were not farmers, but rather were hunter-gatherer-fishers. That dependence on mixed hunting and gathering extends well into the Formative period. Killion suggests that the mixed subsistence worked in the well-watered lowland environments, but that a wetland environment was not suited to intensive agriculture. La Venta and the Cosmos La Venta is oriented 8 degrees west of north, like most Olmec sites, the significance of which is obscure to date. This alignment is echoed in Complex As central avenue, which points to the central mountain. The central bars of each of La Ventas mosaic pavements  and the four elements of the quincunxes in the mosaics are positioned at intercardinal points. Complex D at La Venta is an E-Group configuration, a specific layout of buildings identified at over 70 Maya sites and believed to have been designed to track movements of the sun. Archaeology La Venta was excavated by members of the Smithsonian Institution, including Matthew Stirling, Philip Drucker, Waldo Wedel and Robert Heizer, in three major excavations between 1942 and 1955. Most of this work was focused on Complex A: and the finds from that work were published in popular texts and La Venta quickly became the type site for defining the Olmec culture. Shortly after the 1955 excavations, the site was badly damaged by looting and development, although a brief expedition did retrieve some stratigraphic data. Much was lost in Complex A, which was torn up by bulldozers. A map of Complex A made in 1955 formed the basis for digitizing the field records of the site. Gillespie and Volk worked together to create a three-dimensional map of Complex A, based on archived notes and drawings and published in 2014. The most recent archaeological studies have been undertaken by Rebecca Gonzlez Lauck at the Instituto Nacional de Antropologà ­a e Historia (INAH). Sources Clark JE, and Colman A. 2013. Olmec Things and Identity: A Reassessment of Offerings and Burials at La Venta, Tabasco. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association  23(1):14-37. doi: 10.1111/apaa.12013 Gillespie S. 2011. Archaeological Drawings as Re-Presentations: The Maps of Complex A, La Venta, Mexico. Latin American Antiquity  22(1):3-36. doi: 10.7183/1045-6635.22.1.3 Gillespie SD, and Volk M. In press. A 3d model of Complex A, La Venta, Mexico. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.daach.2014.06.001 Killion TW. 2013. Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity (with commentary). Current Anthropology 54(5):596-606. doi: 10.2307/276200 Pohl MD, and von Nagy C. 2008. The Olmec and their contemporaries. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology . London: Elsevier Inc. p 217-230. doi: 10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00425-8 Reilly FK. 1989. Enclosed ritual spaces and the watery underworld in Formative period architecture: New observations on the function of La Venta Complex A. In: Robertson MG, and Fields VM, editors. Seventh Palenque Round Table. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute. Rust WF, and Sharer RJ. 1988. Olmec Settlement Data from La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. Science 242(4875):102-104. doi: 10.1126/science.242.4875.102

Essay and Editing Edification - Your Top Five Tips

Essay and Editing Edification - Your Top Five Tips Essay and Editing Edification Your Top Five Tips While we can sometimes depend on technology to let us know when we have made spelling errors, it is crucial to remember that technology is not always reliable. Spelling is so important. Spelling accurately helps others understand you and improves your essay writing and editing skills. In addition, word knowledge makes it possible for you to understand more of what you read. The more you learn about spelling, the more you know about how words function. This knowledge can help you figure out the meaning of new words, and the best way to pronounce them. Before you learn to spell English words, figure out which type of spelling you want to learn. Canadian English has somewhat different spellings and merges both American and British conventions. For example words such as paralyze and realize are customarily spelled with -yse (for the former) and -ise (for the latter), replacing the â€Å"z† with an â€Å"s.† Confused yet? Don’t worry. Here are five tips to enhance your essay writing and editing skills: Read a lot Nothing’s better for learning about words than reading. Just as we learn spoken English by hearing people talking, we learn written language (including spelling) by reading many different sources. Spelling isnt about how a word sounds, it’s about how it looks on the page, which means you must examine words in printed material to learn how theyre spelled. Analyze misspelled words Create a list of your frequently misspelled words. When you find that you are spelling the same word wrong over and over again, take note of the word or write it down on a notepad. Perhaps you already know the way to spell some frequently misspelled words (good for you)! When you find a strange word, look it up in the dictionary and write it in your notepad. Unlike the enormous lists of â€Å"usually misspelled words† in the rear of some grammar books, this is your custom list that reveals the words and spelling rules that challenge you. So, instead of a long list of other peoples challenges, you have a custom-made guide of your own. Use mnemonics. Mnemonics are memory tricks. Spelling rules are often intangible and, in English, completely at odds, so they can be difficult to remember. So mnemonics â€Å"sneak in† through an alternative part of your brain, by rhyming, imagining, or forming a pattern to help make sense of the spelling of a word. Here are some examples of spelling mnemonics: Rhymes and tunes make words easier to recall. You can even make up your own! An acronym chooses the first letter of a couple of words and puts them together. You might already use acronyms online or in texts. LOL, stands for â€Å"Laughing Out Loud.† TGIF for â€Å"Thank God It’s Friday.† One way to recall some catchy spellings is by turning the word into a mnemonic. Turn hard words into absurd sentences and you will recall them in no time. Some mnemonics use sentences to describe the hard part of spelling a word. Having difficulty spelling the word â€Å"isle†? Keep in mind, an isle is land encircled by water. To spell â€Å"separate† correctly remember the a rat in the middle of word. Crosswords and code words Puzzles are an excellent method to make your brain work harder and enhance your general knowledge, and they’re a superior method for improving your spelling. Crosswords supply a string of hints to find words which you place in overlapping horizontal and vertical boxes. Other â€Å"brain teasers† include â€Å"jumbles† where you work out which numbers stand for certain letters, in order to spell a `code word’ in a phrase. If you get the spelling incorrect in either a crossword or a code word, the other words won’t match, so it’s a great idea to use a dictionary as a tool when solving those puzzles. Crosswords are a time-tested method of learning new words and mastering how to spell. It is a fun game and involves a fair amount of brain activity. Sometimes you might guess which words go where, but eventually you will come to realize that you have learned several new words and the correct spelling for these words; it’s a great aid. Work with others Many individuals find group work more exciting than solo study sessions. Groups can break the monotony of learning, and, by divvying up spelling jobs and sharing words that are tricky, you can pool your resources. One way to test yourself on a word you spelled from its pronunciation is to get somebody else to pronounce your spelled word. If they cannot figure out the word, there’s a possibility you misspelled it. When you work in groups, youll be able to take turns testing each other, and the sessions can be both useful and fun. So, how does that make you feel? Is it a daunting list? Perhaps. However, if you work with others you can cut the workload. And, hey, there arent any real short cuts in enhancing your spelling skills. It requires true dedication. These tips will help you streamline the procedure and empower you to maximize your study time. Check out some free sample essays on our website to help improve your spelling skills today.

Compare Emilia and Desdemona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compare Emilia and Desdemona - Essay Example Her speech here with lines like ,"So much I challenge that I may profess/ Due to the Moor my lord"(I, iii, 191-192) makes her appear to be an articulate woman who knows her own mind, a woman who has eloped with a racially disparate man, and is able to defend her choice with sagacity and courage. Desdemona's resolute profession of her love shows us the practical nature and the intensity of her affections: "My downright violence and storm of fortunes/May trumpet to the world: my heart's subdued/ Even to the very quality of my lord:/I saw Othello's visage in his mind,/And to his honor and his valiant parts/ Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate". ( I, iii, 254- 59)She is a woman in love, who is ready to go to strange parts in order to be with her husband, and is also a woman much loved, as we see when she is reunited with her husband at Cyprus. "Desdemona was a stranger, not just different in class from Emilia, different in species. Emilia watched her from a cautious distance, the impulsive girl whose giddy love, written on her incandescent face, demonstrated that she had nothing in common with her".(Rutter, 2001) Emilia's marriage is of long standing and she has seen the world with all its realities. Her husband does not lose a moment in putting her down in company, and does so viciously and with a barely concealed venom, slandering not just her but her entire kind: "Come on, come on; you are pictures out of doors,/Bells in your parlors, wild-cats in your kitchens,/Saints in your injuries, devils being offended, Players in your housewifery, and housewives' in your beds". ( II, i, 113-117)We know from the very beginning that though loyal to her husband, she is living a loveless marriage. And beyond a few one-line dialogs, she indeed has no speech in the first scenes after her appearance. Having left her father's home and the confines of Venetian society for the first time, Desdemona is in a relaxed frame of mind. Somewhat guileless, her circumstances of living with her married love have made her cheerful, bantering, tolerant , as is evident from her good-humored response even to Iago's lack of taste in his very first conversation with her. She mislays her handkerchief, and lovingly nags her husband on Cassio's case by playing the shrew, fully assured of her power over Othello and her ability to make him do her bidding. She feels it her part to play the nagging wife and present it as a 'boon' to the husband: Her performance exploits and collapses the two male fantasies that most define early modern wives: the one, negative, of the shrew, and the other, the ideal of the submissive subordinate. Lest we believe the stereotypes and think Desdemona truly shrewish, she announces that she will play the shrew.....In merging the postures of good wife and shrew, Desdemona indirectly challenges the presumption of their difference enforced in marriage handbooks, homilies, church courts, misogynist pamphlets, and the like. Her performance highlights what that discourse masks: that to be a shrew is, in fact, to follow the rules, to be obediently disobedient, to fill a role created by (male) authorities who needed shrews in order to contain, by criminalizing, female speech. Conversely, Desdemona also places outspokenness within the perimeters of appropriate wifely